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Carbon Nanotubes Composite Membrane for Water Desalination

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Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination

Part of the book series: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation ((ASTI))

Abstract

The demand for freshwater has enormously risen the water stress in various parts of the globe. Accessibility of clean water is crucial for sustainable development involving socioeconomic and environmental promotion. Considering the fact that 96.5% of all Earth’s water is related to seawater, desalination (producing clean potable water from sea or saline water) can be considered as a leading solution to fulfill water scarcity problem. Among various advanced and conventional techniques, carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane has become an attractive alternate for most of water treatment methods owing supreme features such as easy operationality, low energy and expense requirement, high water permeability, permselectivity, and stability. CNTs can be grown in vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs), transverse or horizontally aligned CNTs (HACNTs), and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) shapes. CNT membranes are mostly synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation (LA), and arc discharge (AD) methods. Researchers have investigated the effect of various factors on salt rejection and water flux such as dispersion quality, oscillating pressure, number of deposition cycle (while synthesizing the membrane), type of filler, fabrication method, temperature, and contact time. In this chapter, initially a general description of membrane filtration, their features in desalination, and synthesization methods are presented. Afterward, various intrinsic, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of CNTs (which make them pioneer in desalination goals) are mentioned. In following, the results of several studies and their key findings are noted. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and future directions of this technology to enter desalination markets are explained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran

    Shabnam Taghipour

  2. Young Researcher and Elite Club, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Khadir

  3. Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammadhossein Taghipour

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  1. Shabnam Taghipour
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  3. Mohammadhossein Taghipour
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  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Inamuddin

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Anish Khan

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Taghipour, S., Khadir, A., Taghipour, M. (2021). Carbon Nanotubes Composite Membrane for Water Desalination. In: Inamuddin, Khan, A. (eds) Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72873-1_10

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